The risk factors for placenta pre include all except?
**Core Concept**
Placenta previa is a condition characterized by the abnormal implantation of the placenta, covering or lying close to the internal cervical os. This can lead to severe bleeding during pregnancy, especially during the third trimester. The exact cause of placenta previa is unknown, but various risk factors have been identified.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The risk factors for placenta previa include a history of previous uterine surgery, such as cesarean section or dilation and curettage (D&C), as these procedures can lead to scarring of the uterine lining. Other risk factors include multiple gestations, previous placenta previa, and advanced maternal age. Additionally, women with a history of uterine anomalies, such as a bicornuate uterus, are also at increased risk.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not a recognized risk factor for placenta previa. However, **Option A:** is not provided.
**Option B:** This option is not a risk factor for placenta previa. In fact, a previous history of placenta previa is actually a risk factor for recurrence in future pregnancies.
**Option C:** This option is not a risk factor for placenta previa. Advanced maternal age is actually a risk factor for other pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes and hypertension.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that placenta previa can be a "silent" condition, and symptoms may not appear until labor or even after delivery. Therefore, a thorough ultrasound examination is crucial in the second and third trimesters to assess the placental location and rule out placenta previa.
**Correct Answer:** D