The operative procedure known as “micro fracture” is done for the
**Core Concept**
The microfracture technique is a surgical procedure used to treat cartilage defects in the knee joint. It involves creating small fractures in the underlying bone to stimulate the growth of new cartilage tissue.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The microfracture technique works by creating micro-fractures in the subchondral bone, which exposes the bone marrow to the joint space. The bone marrow contains stem cells that differentiate into chondrocytes, the cells responsible for cartilage production. The newly formed cartilage tissue is composed of type I and type II collagen, which provides a scaffold for the growth of new cartilage. This technique is particularly useful for treating small to medium-sized cartilage defects in the knee joint.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because the microfracture technique is not typically used for osteochondritis dissecans, which requires a more specific treatment approach such as fragment excision or bone grafting.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because the microfracture technique is not used for meniscal tears, which require meniscectomy or meniscal repair.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because the microfracture technique is not used for ligamentous injuries, which require ligament repair or reconstruction.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The microfracture technique has a relatively high success rate for treating cartilage defects in the knee joint, with up to 80% of patients showing significant improvement in symptoms and function. However, it is essential to note that the technique is not suitable for large cartilage defects or those with significant bone loss.
**Correct Answer: C. Articular cartilage defects.**