**Core Concept:** The heart rate in newborn infants is typically higher compared to adults, reflecting their physiological immaturity. The cardiovascular system in neonates is still developing, leading to increased cardiac output required for adequate oxygenation and nutrition.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** In newborns, heart rate is typically around 100-160 beats per minute (bpm). This high heart rate is a physiological adaptation to their immature cardiovascular system and increased oxygen demand. The heart of a newborn is smaller, less efficient, and has a higher stroke volume compared to adults, thus requiring an elevated heart rate to meet their higher oxygen requirements.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. 90-120 bpm: This option is incorrect because it represents an adult heart rate range, which is inadequate for the increased oxygen demand of the newborn.

B. 160-200 bpm: This range is too high and does not accurately reflect the typical neonatal heart rate.

C. 60-100 bpm: This option is incorrect as it falls within the adult heart rate range, which is not suitable for the physiological needs of a newborn.

D. 200-250 bpm: This range is far too high and does not accurately describe the normal neonatal heart rate.

**Clinical Pearl:** The neonatal heart rate is a crucial parameter to monitor, as it can indicate various conditions like sepsis, hypoxia, or respiratory distress. Prompt recognition and management of these conditions can prevent severe complications and improve neonatal outcomes.

**Correct Answer:** **40-160 bpm**. The correct range for the heart rate in newborns lies between 40 and 160 bpm, reflecting the physiological adaptation of the neonatal heart to meet their increased oxygen requirements.