**Core Concept**
The question is testing the knowledge of the invention of the stethoscope, a medical device used for auscultation to listen to internal sounds of the body. The stethoscope is an essential tool in medical diagnosis, allowing healthcare professionals to assess various conditions such as heart sounds, lung sounds, and bowel sounds.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The modern stethoscope was invented by Réné Laënnec, a French physician, in 1816. Laënnec developed the stethoscope as a response to the difficulty of listening to chest sounds through the human ear, which was the common practice at the time. He used a rolled-up sheet of paper to listen to a patient's chest sounds, and later, he created the first stethoscope using a wooden tube with a horn-shaped end. This innovation revolutionized the field of medicine, allowing for more accurate and efficient diagnosis of various conditions.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect as there is no notable figure in medical history associated with the invention of the stethoscope by this name.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect as it is not related to the invention of the stethoscope. The term "stethoscope" itself comes from the Greek words "stethos" meaning chest and "skopos" meaning examiner or viewer.
* **Option D:** This option is incorrect as it is a different medical instrument used for measuring blood pressure, not for auscultation.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The stethoscope has undergone significant design changes over the years, but its fundamental principle remains the same. It is essential for healthcare professionals to understand the history and development of medical devices to appreciate their significance in modern medical practice.

**Correct Answer: C. Réné Laënnec**