The following are causes of hematuria in childhood except
**Core Concept**
Hematuria in childhood refers to the presence of blood in the urine, which can be caused by various conditions affecting the kidneys, urinary tract, or other systemic diseases. The causes can be broadly classified into glomerular, nonglomerular, and obstructive types.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In childhood, hematuria can be caused by conditions such as glomerulonephritis (e.g., post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis), nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor), vesicoureteral reflux, and urinary tract infections. These conditions can lead to bleeding from the kidneys or urinary tract.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is not provided, so we cannot evaluate it.
* **Option B:** This option is also not provided, so we cannot evaluate it.
* **Option C:** This option is not provided, so we cannot evaluate it.
* **Option D:** This option is not provided, so we cannot evaluate it.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to remember that hematuria in childhood can be a symptom of a serious underlying condition, such as nephroblastoma, which requires prompt evaluation and treatment.
**Correct Answer:** Not provided