The deficiency of glucose – 6-phosphate dehydrogenase may cause
**Core Concept**
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic disorder affecting the enzyme G6PD, which is crucial for maintaining the integrity of red blood cells by protecting them from oxidative stress. This deficiency leads to an increased susceptibility to hemolysis, particularly in response to certain medications, infections, or foods.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
G6PD deficiency results in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within red blood cells, causing oxidative damage to the cell membrane and ultimately leading to hemolysis. The enzyme G6PD is responsible for maintaining the level of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which in turn helps to maintain the activity of glutathione, a key antioxidant that protects red blood cells from oxidative stress. Without sufficient G6PD activity, the level of NADPH decreases, allowing ROS to accumulate and causing red blood cell damage.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because G6PD deficiency is not directly related to the metabolism of fatty acids. While fatty acid oxidation can generate ROS, the primary defect in G6PD deficiency is the inability to reduce glutathione, not the metabolism of fatty acids.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because G6PD deficiency is not typically associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The primary defect in G6PD deficiency is the increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, not the development of insulin resistance or impaired glucose regulation.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because G6PD deficiency is not directly related to the regulation of blood pressure. While oxidative stress can have various effects on the cardiovascular system, the primary defect in G6PD deficiency is the increased susceptibility to hemolysis, not the regulation of blood pressure.
**Option D:** (assuming this is the correct answer)
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
G6PD deficiency is a common genetic disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, particularly in regions where malaria is prevalent. It is essential to recognize the condition and its triggers to prevent acute hemolysis and associated complications.
**Correct Answer:** D. Hemolytic anemia