The antibiotic causing Pseudomembranous colitis is:
**Core Concept**
Pseudomembranous colitis, also known as Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) colitis, is a complication of antibiotic use, characterized by the overgrowth of C. difficile bacteria in the colon. This condition leads to the production of toxins that cause inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is a type of antibiotic that disrupts normal gut flora, allowing C. difficile to overgrow and produce toxins. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as clindamycin, inhibit the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut, creating an environment conducive to C. difficile overgrowth. Clindamycin works by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This antibiotic is not commonly associated with Pseudomembranous colitis.
* **Option B:** This antibiotic is not typically linked with C. difficile overgrowth.
* **Option D:** This option is not a well-known cause of Pseudomembranous colitis.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When using broad-spectrum antibiotics, it is essential to consider the risk of C. difficile overgrowth and to monitor patients for signs of Pseudomembranous colitis, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.
**Correct Answer:** C. Clindamycin.