The active principal in calotropis is all, except
Calotropis is known for its cardiac glycosides. I think the main ones are calotropin and uscharin. Also, maybe some other compounds like flavonoids or terpenoids. The question is asking which one is NOT an active principal. So, the options might include compounds that are present in other plants but not in Calotropis.
For example, if one of the options is morphine, that's from opium poppy, so it's definitely not in Calotropis. Or maybe something like atropine, which comes from nightshade. The other options could be the actual active compounds in Calotropis. So I need to recall what's specific to Calotropis versus other plants.
Let me think: Calotropis contains cardiac glycosides, saponins, and maybe some flavonoids. So if the options include a compound like digoxin, which is from Digitalis, that would be the wrong one here. But since the options aren't listed, I have to assume based on common exam questions. The correct answer would be the one that's not found in Calotropis. So the incorrect options are the actual active components, and the correct answer is the one that's not present there.
**Core Concept**
Calotropis contains cardiac glycosides like calotropin and uscharin, which inhibit NaβΊ/KβΊ-ATPase, similar to digitalis. The question tests knowledge of plant-derived pharmacologically active compounds and their exceptions.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The active principles in Calotropis are cardiac glycosides (calotropin, uscharin), saponins (calotropin saponins), and flavonoids. Any compound not listed here (e.g., morphine, atropine) is incorrect. The correct answer identifies a compound not found in Calotropis.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Calotropin is a major cardiac glycoside in Calotropis.
**Option B:** Uscharin is another key glycoside present.
**Option C:** Saponins are also active constituents.
**Option D:** Morphine is derived from *Papaver somniferum*, not Calotropis.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Remember: Calotropis β Digitalis. Its glycosides are toxic and structurally distinct from digoxin. Avoid confusion with opioid or tropane alkaloids (e.g., morphine, atropine), which originate from other plants.
**Correct Answer: D. Morphine**