**Core Concept**
Beta-thalassemia minor is a genetic disorder characterized by a mutation in the HBB gene, leading to reduced production of the beta-globin chains of hemoglobin. This results in decreased synthesis of the hemoglobin A protein, which is the most common form of hemoglobin in adults.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The characteristic finding in beta-thalassemia minor is a left-shifted hemoglobin electrophoresis pattern. This is because the reduced production of beta-globin chains leads to an increase in the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which migrates faster on an electrophoresis gel. Additionally, the reduced production of beta-globin chains also leads to an accumulation of alpha-globin chains, which are then oxidized and form hemichromes that are visible on a peripheral smear as basophilic stippling.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Microcytosis is a common finding in beta-thalassemia minor, but it is not the characteristic finding that distinguishes this condition from other forms of anemia.

**Option B:** Target cells are a common finding in hemoglobinopathies, but they are not specific to beta-thalassemia minor.

**Option C:** Increased red cell distribution width (RDW) is a nonspecific finding that can be seen in a variety of anemias, including iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Beta-thalassemia minor is often referred to as a "mild" form of thalassemia, but it can still cause significant morbidity, particularly if left untreated. Patients with beta-thalassemia minor are at increased risk of developing iron overload, which can be prevented with regular blood transfusions.

**Correct Answer:** C.