A 16 year old male is found to have a mental age of 9 years on I.Q. testing. He has:
**Core Concept**
Intellectual disability, formerly known as mental retardation, is a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills. The Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test is a standardized tool used to measure cognitive abilities and assess intellectual functioning.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The given scenario describes an individual with an IQ score of 9, which is significantly below the average IQ score of 100. This indicates that the individual has intellectual disability. The term "mentally age 9" refers to the individual's cognitive abilities being comparable to those of a 9-year-old child. This suggests that the individual has significant limitations in intellectual functioning, which is a key characteristic of intellectual disability. The IQ test is a widely used tool to assess intellectual functioning and diagnose intellectual disability.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** There is no information provided to support this option being correct.
* **Option B:** This option is not relevant to the scenario described.
* **Option C:** This option is not a valid diagnosis or assessment of the individual's condition.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Intellectual disability is a lifelong condition that affects an individual's cognitive abilities and adaptive behavior. It is essential to use standardized tools, such as IQ tests, to assess intellectual functioning and diagnose intellectual disability accurately.
**Correct Answer:** D. The individual described has intellectual disability.