**Core Concept**
Temporary hardness of water is a type of water hardness caused by the presence of dissolved bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium. This form of hardness is "temporary" because it can be removed by boiling the water, which drives off the dissolved carbon dioxide and leaves behind the insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium are formed in water when these ions react with dissolved carbon dioxide. This reaction is facilitated by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The presence of these bicarbonates is responsible for the temporary hardness of water, as they can be precipitated out of solution when the water is boiled, removing the hardness.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not relevant to the question about temporary hardness of water.
**Option B:** Calcium and magnesium sulfates are a type of water hardness, but they are not responsible for temporary hardness.
**Option C:** This option is not relevant to the question about temporary hardness of water.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The removal of temporary hardness of water by boiling is a simple and effective method, but it can also lead to the formation of scales and deposits in pipes and appliances.

**Correct Answer: D. Bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium.**