**Core Concept**
The posterior column of the spinal cord is responsible for transmitting sensory information related to proprioception (position sense), vibration, fine touch, and some aspects of crude touch.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The posterior column consists of the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus, which carry sensory information from the body to the brain. This information includes position sense (proprioception), vibration, fine touch, and some aspects of crude touch. Temperature sensation, on the other hand, is mediated by the spinothalamic tract, which is located in the anterolateral part of the spinal cord. Therefore, a posterior column lesion would not affect temperature sensation.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Vibration sense is transmitted through the posterior column, so it would be affected by a posterior column lesion.
* **Option C:** Fine touch is also transmitted through the posterior column, so it would be affected by a posterior column lesion.
* **Option D:** Position sense (proprioception) is transmitted through the posterior column, so it would be affected by a posterior column lesion.
* **Option E:** Some aspects of crude touch are transmitted through the posterior column, so it would be affected by a posterior column lesion.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A posterior column lesion can cause difficulties with balance and coordination due to the loss of proprioception.

**Correct Answer:** B. Temperature