**Core Concept**
Pain and temperature sensation are transmitted to the brain through specific pathways in the spinal cord. These pathways are part of the anterolateral system, which conveys sensory information from the body to the thalamus, where it is further processed.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The lateral spinothalamic tract is responsible for transmitting pain and temperature sensations from the body to the thalamus. This tract is located in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord and uses the neurotransmitter substance P to transmit signals. The lateral spinothalamic tract is divided into two sub-tracts: the spinothalamic tract for pain and temperature, and the anterior spinothalamic tract for crude touch and pressure. The correct answer is the lateral spinothalamic tract because it is the primary pathway for pain and temperature sensation.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** The anterior spinothalamic tract is responsible for transmitting crude touch and pressure sensations, not pain and temperature.
**Option C:** The dorsal column is responsible for transmitting fine touch, vibration, and proprioception (position sense), not pain and temperature.
**Option D:** None is incorrect because there is a specific pathway for pain and temperature sensation, which is the lateral spinothalamic tract.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The anterolateral system, which includes the lateral spinothalamic tract, is often damaged in spinal cord injuries, leading to loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of the injury.

**✓ Correct Answer: B. Lateral spinothalamic tract**