The typical temperature of an autoclave (operating at 30 psi of pressure is)
**Core Concept**
Autoclaving is a sterilization method that utilizes high pressure and temperature to kill microorganisms. The process involves subjecting the material to be sterilized to steam under pressure, which raises the boiling point of water and allows for the achievement of high temperatures without the risk of boiling or scalding.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, 134°C, is the typical temperature of an autoclave operating at 30 psi of pressure. This temperature is achieved when the steam inside the autoclave reaches its boiling point at the given pressure. The boiling point of water increases by 1°C for every 1.8 psi, resulting in a temperature of 121°C at 15 psi, 134°C at 30 psi, and 149°C at 45 psi. This high temperature is sufficient to kill all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and spores.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** 121°C is the typical temperature of an autoclave operating at 15 psi of pressure, not 30 psi.
**Option B:** 100°C is the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure, not under the elevated pressure of an autoclave.
**Option C:** 63°C is the temperature required for the inactivation of certain viruses and bacteria, but it is not sufficient for the sterilization of all microorganisms.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to ensure that the autoclave is functioning correctly and that the material being sterilized is compatible with the high temperatures and pressures involved. Failure to do so can result in inadequate sterilization or damage to the material.
✓ Correct Answer: D. 134degC