**Core Concept**
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts, predominantly affecting the face. It is influenced by hormonal fluctuations, particularly androgens, and is exacerbated by factors such as sun exposure, stress, and certain medications.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The patient's description of spots and red bumps on the face, particularly on the proximal cheeks, central chin, nose, and central forehead, in conjunction with telangiectasia, is consistent with acne vulgaris. The condition is further supported by its aggravation on sun exposure. Acne is caused by the combination of excess sebum production, clogged pores, and the presence of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria, which triggers an inflammatory response.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Rosacea is a chronic cutaneous condition characterized by prominent facial erythema, telangiectasia, and papules. However, it typically lacks comedones and the presence of P. acnes bacteria.
**Option B:** Erythema multiforme is an immune-mediated disorder presenting with target lesions and mucous membrane involvement, which is not consistent with the patient's symptoms.
**Option C:** Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic skin condition characterized by painful nodules and abscesses in apocrine-gland-bearing areas, which does not match the patient's presentation.
**Option D:** Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition characterized by a scaly, oily, itchy rash, particularly on the scalp, face, and torso, which is not consistent with the patient's symptoms.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Acne vulgaris is often treated with a combination of topical and systemic therapies, including retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, and antibiotics, as well as hormonal treatments for severe cases. It is essential to address underlying hormonal imbalances and modify lifestyle factors such as sun exposure and stress to manage the condition effectively.

**Correct Answer: C.**