Metabolic acidosis can be caused by various poisons. The combination of myoclonus and seizures makes me think of something like salicylates. Salicylate toxicity causes mixed acid-base disturbances—respiratory alkalosis from direct CNS stimulation and metabolic acidosis from lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis. Also, tachycardia and hypotension are common in overdose cases.
Other possibilities might include other drugs like tricyclic antidepressants or ethanol, but those have different presentations. Tricyclics can cause seizures and anticholinergic symptoms, but the acid-base profile might be different. Ethanol overdose usually doesn't present with such a mixed picture. Opioids cause respiratory depression, leading to respiratory acidosis, which doesn't fit here. So the most likely answer is salicylate poisoning.
**Core Concept**
The question tests recognition of salicylate toxicity's clinical and metabolic features. Salicylates (e.g., aspirin) induce a mixed acid-base disturbance due to direct central nervous system stimulation (respiratory alkalosis) and metabolic acidosis from lactic acidosis/ketoacidosis.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Salicylate poisoning classically presents with tachypnea (respiratory alkalosis), leading to low pCO2 (30 mmHg), alongside metabolic acidosis (bicarbonate 15 mmol/L, pH 7.25). Central nervous system effects like myoclonus, seizures, and tachycardia/hypotension align with salicylate's excitatory and cardiovascular effects. The mixed acidosis (anion gap) and respiratory compensation confirm toxicity.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Ethanol overdose causes metabolic acidosis (without respiratory alkalosis) and CNS depression (not myoclonus).
**Option B:** Tricyclic antidepressants induce anticholinergic symptoms (dry mouth, delirium) and QRS prolongation, not mixed acid-base disturbances.
**Option C:** Opioids cause respiratory depression (respiratory acidosis), not respiratory alkalosis.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Remember the "salicylate triad": tinnitus, hyperventilation, and metabolic acidosis. Always calculate the anion gap (normal or high in salicylates) and osmolar gap (normal in salicylates) to differentiate toxins.
**Correct Answer: B. Salicylates**
Free Medical MCQs · NEET PG · USMLE · AIIMS
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