T.U.R. (transurethral resection) syndrome is due to –
**Core Concept**
Transurethral resection syndrome (TUR syndrome) is a clinical condition that occurs due to the absorption of large amounts of irrigation fluid used during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or bladder surgery. This condition is characterized by fluid overload, electrolyte disturbances, and cardiovascular instability.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
During TURP, a large amount of irrigation fluid (usually glycine or sorbitol) is absorbed through the resected tissue, leading to fluid overload. The absorbed fluid contains electrolyte-free or low-electrolyte solutions, which can cause a dilutional effect on the serum electrolytes. This can result in hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis. The fluid overload can also lead to cardiac dysfunction, including decreased cardiac output and increased pulmonary edema.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as TUR syndrome is not caused by bleeding or hemorrhage during the procedure. Bleeding can occur during TURP, but it is not the primary cause of TUR syndrome.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as hypovolemia is not associated with TUR syndrome. Fluid overload is the primary cause of this condition.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect as the absorbed fluid is not typically hypotonic. The irrigation fluids used are usually isotonic or slightly hypotonic.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
TUR syndrome can be prevented or minimized by using low-concentration irrigation solutions, restricting the amount of fluid absorbed, and monitoring patients closely for signs of fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances.
**Correct Answer:** D. Absorption of irrigation fluid containing electrolyte-free or low-electrolyte solutions.