Which of the following is not a part of fatty acid synthase Complex?
**Core Concept**
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a multi-enzyme complex responsible for de novo fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasm. It catalyzes the sequential addition of two-carbon units from malonyl-CoA to a growing acyl chain, involving several enzymatic activities that work in concert.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The fatty acid synthase complex consists of four core catalytic subunits: ketoacyl reductase (KR), enoyl reductase (ER), ketoacyl synthase (KS), and acyl carrier protein (ACP). Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is not part of the FAS complex; instead, it acts upstream by converting acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, which is then used as a substrate by FAS. Thus, ACC is a separate enzyme that provides malonyl-CoA but does not participate in the FAS catalytic machinery.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
Option A: Ketoacyl reductase is a key component of FAS that reduces the keto group to a hydroxyl group during chain elongation.
Option B: Enoyl reductase reduces the enoyl intermediate to a saturated acyl chain, a necessary step in fatty acid elongation.
Option D: Ketoacyl synthase catalyzes the condensation of acetyl and malonyl groups, forming a new carbon-carbon bond in the growing fatty acid chain.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Remember: **Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)** is upstream of FAS and produces malonyl-CoA, but it is **not part** of the fatty acid synthase complex. This distinction is critical in understanding metabolic regulation of lipid synthesis.
✓ Correct Answer: C. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase