All of the following are true for Turners syndrome except: March 2012
First, the core concept here is Turner's syndrome. It's a chromosomal disorder where females are missing part or all of one X chromosome. The key features include short stature, ovarian dysgenesis, and various physical abnormalities. The question is asking which statement is *not* true, so I need to identify the exception.
The correct answer is usually an option that contradicts a known fact. For example, Turner's syndrome is associated with webbed neck, aortic coarctation, and infertility. However, if one of the options states that Turner's syndrome is caused by a trisomy, that would be incorrect because it's a monosomy (45,X) or structural abnormality like mosaicism. Another common mistake is associating it with male characteristics, which is wrong since it's a female condition.
Looking at possible distractors: Option A might mention webbed neck (correct), Option B could be aortic coarctation (correct), Option C might be amenorrhea (correct), and Option D might be male sex determination (incorrect). Alternatively, another option might incorrectly state that Turner's syndrome is associated with a trisomy, which is false.
The clinical pearl here is that Turner's syndrome is 45,X monosomy, leading to female phenotypic features but with gonadal dysgenesis. The exception is the option that suggests it's a male condition or caused by trisomy. So the correct answer would be the one that's a trisomy, like Down syndrome, which is the opposite.
I need to make sure the explanation is concise, covers the key points, and addresses each option. Since the user didn't list the options, I'll have to infer based on common MCQs. The most likely incorrect statement is that Turner's syndrome is due to a trisomy, so the answer would be that option.
**Core Concept**
Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder caused by the absence of one X chromosome (45,X) or structural abnormalities of the X chromosome. It presents with short stature, ovarian dysgenesis, and characteristic physical features like webbed neck and aortic coarctation.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The false statement in Turner syndrome is typically one suggesting a **trisomy** (e.g., 47,XXX) or male sex determination. Turner syndrome is a **monosomy** (45,X), leading to female phenotypic features but gonadal dysgenesis. Classic features include short stature, infertility, and cardiovascular anomalies like aortic coarctation, which are absent in trisomic conditions.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** *Webbed neck* is a hallmark of Turner syndrome and is correct.
**Option B:** *Aortic coarctation* occurs in ~15% of cases and is a valid feature.
**Option C:** *Ovarian dysgenesis* is universal in Turner syndrome, making this correct.
**Option D:** *Trisomy 21* is incorrect because Turner syndrome is a monosomy, not a trisomy.