**Core Concept**
Pendred's Syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, often associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis. It is a monogenic disorder caused by mutations in a specific gene.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Pendred's Syndrome is caused by mutations in the SLC26A4 gene, which encodes the pendrin protein. This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 7 (7q). The pendrin protein plays a crucial role in the transport of chloride, iodide, and bicarbonate ions in the thyroid gland and inner ear. Mutations in the SLC26A4 gene lead to the loss of pendrin function, resulting in thyroid dyshormonogenesis and congenital hearing loss.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Chromosome 7p is incorrect because the SLC26A4 gene is located on the long arm (q) of chromosome 7, not the short arm (p).
**Option C:** Chromosome 8p is incorrect because Pendred's Syndrome is not associated with mutations on chromosome 8.
**Option D:** Chromosome 8q is incorrect because, although chromosome 8 has a long arm (q), the SLC26A4 gene is specifically located on chromosome 7q, not 8q.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Pendred's Syndrome is the most common cause of congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and it is often associated with thyroid abnormalities. It is essential for surgeons and medical professionals to be aware of this condition to provide appropriate management and counseling to affected individuals and their families.

✓ Correct Answer: B. Chromosome 7q