Which of the following is not a feature of fetal alcohol syndrome?
**Core Concept**
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that occurs in a fetus when it is exposed to alcohol in the womb. It is characterized by a combination of physical, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities. The pathophysiology of FAS involves the effects of alcohol on the developing brain and body.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Fetal alcohol syndrome is a well-defined medical condition with characteristic features. It is associated with growth restriction, facial abnormalities (such as a thin upper lip and a smooth philtrum), and CNS dysfunction (including cognitive impairment, attention deficits, and behavioral problems). The diagnosis of FAS is based on a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and a history of maternal alcohol use during pregnancy.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Growth restriction is a feature of FAS, as maternal alcohol use can disrupt fetal growth and development.
**Option B:** Facial abnormalities, such as a thin upper lip and a smooth philtrum, are characteristic of FAS.
**Option C:** CNS dysfunction, including cognitive impairment, attention deficits, and behavioral problems, is a hallmark of FAS.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to note that the diagnosis of FAS can be challenging, and a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and a thorough history of maternal alcohol use is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis.
**Correct Answer:** D. (Note: The question stem is incomplete. Assuming the correct answer is D.)