**Core Concept**
Symphysiotomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting the pubic symphysis to facilitate vaginal delivery, usually in cases of obstructed labor. This procedure is considered in situations where the fetus is near term and the mother's life is at risk due to prolonged labor.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is usually a scenario where the mother has a large fetal head in a transverse lie, and there is no other option for delivery. The procedure is performed to widen the pelvic outlet, allowing the baby to pass through the birth canal safely. This is often considered in cases where a cesarean section is not feasible due to various reasons such as unavailability of surgical facilities or maternal hemodynamic instability.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Symphysiotomy is not indicated in cases of multiple pregnancy as it can lead to significant complications for both the mother and the babies.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as symphysiotomy is not a routine procedure for obstructed labor and is usually considered as a last resort.
**Option C:** Symphysiotomy is not typically indicated in cases of post-term pregnancy as the risks associated with the procedure outweigh the benefits.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Symphysiotomy should only be performed by an experienced obstetrician in a controlled environment with proper anesthesia and postoperative care.

**Correct Answer: D. Obstructed labor with a large fetal head in a transverse lie.