Which of the following drugs should be given in sustained release oral dosage form ?
## Core Concept
The question tests the understanding of pharmacokinetic principles and the rationale behind using sustained-release (SR) oral dosage forms. Sustained-release formulations are designed to release the active drug over an extended period, maintaining therapeutic drug levels and reducing dosing frequency.
## Why the Correct Answer is Right
The correct answer, **D. Nitrates (e.g., nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate)**, benefits from a sustained-release formulation because nitrates have a short half-life and are used to manage angina pectoris. A sustained-release formulation helps maintain a steady plasma concentration, reducing the frequency of administration and potentially decreasing the risk of tolerance development.
## Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect
* **Option A:** Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index require precise dosing and plasma levels, which sustained-release formulations might not reliably provide due to variability in release rates.
* **Option B:** Drugs with a very short half-life might require more controlled release but often necessitate intravenous or immediate-release oral formulations for rapid effect.
* **Option C:** Drugs that are poorly soluble might benefit from sustained-release formulations but are not the primary indication; solubility issues are more related to bioavailability than to the need for sustained release.
## Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact
A key point to remember is that drugs with a short half-life, used for chronic conditions like angina, are good candidates for sustained-release formulations. This helps in maintaining therapeutic levels and improving patient compliance.
## Correct Answer: D. Nitrates.