**Core Concept:** A pulp stone is a calcified deposit that forms within dental pulp or dentine due to chronic inflammation or infection. It can be partially surrounded by pulp tissue and fused to dentine.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Option B, "Pulp capping", is the correct answer. A pulp capping refers to the covering of the exposed dentinal tubules by the remaining pulp tissue, which can calcify over time. When this calcification occurs partially surrounded by pulp tissue and fused to dentin, it results in the formation of a pulp stone.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. "Pulp necrosis": This refers to the death of pulp tissue, not the formation of a calcified deposit like a pulp stone.
C. "Pulp calcification": This describes the hardening of pulp tissue without being surrounded by pulp tissue and fused to dentin.
D. "Pulp cyst": A pulp cyst is a fluid-filled cavity in the pulp, not a calcified deposit like a pulp stone.

**Clinical Pearl:** Pulp stones can cause severe pain and pulpal inflammation. Treatment options include pulpectomy (root canal treatment), pulpotomy (resection of the affected part of the pulp), or, if the stone is small and asymptomatic, expectant management can be considered.

**Correct Answer:** B. Pulp capping