Suprarenal medulla secretes which hormones:September 2009
**Core Concept**
The suprarenal medulla is a part of the adrenal gland responsible for secreting hormones in response to sympathetic stimulation. These hormones play a crucial role in the "fight or flight" response, increasing blood pressure, heart rate, and energy supply to muscles.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The suprarenal medulla secretes two primary hormones: **epinephrine (adrenaline)** and **norepinephrine (noradrenaline)**. These hormones are released into the bloodstream in response to sympathetic nervous system stimulation, causing vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and increased blood glucose levels. The primary mechanism of action involves stimulating **alpha-1 and beta-1 adrenergic receptors**, leading to increased cardiac output and peripheral resistance.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:**
This option is incorrect because the suprarenal medulla does not secrete **insulin**. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake in cells.
**Option B:**
This option is incorrect because the suprarenal medulla does not secrete **aldosterone**. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the suprarenal cortex that regulates electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
**Option C:**
This option is incorrect because the suprarenal medulla does not secrete **growth hormone**. Growth hormone is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates growth and development.
**Option D:**
This option is incorrect because the suprarenal medulla does not secrete **oxytocin**. Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates uterine contractions and milk letdown during lactation.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The suprarenal medulla's secretions play a crucial role in managing acute stress responses. Remember the acronym **"EPI-NOR"** to recall the primary hormones secreted by the suprarenal medulla: Epinephrine (E), Norepinephrine (N), and other hormones (O, R).
**Correct Answer:** C. Epinephrine and norepinephrine.