After putting POP cast for supracondylar fracture a child developed severe pain over forearm. He is unable to move the fingers fully. He says this pain is terrible than the pain of the fracture. Volkmann’s ischemia is suspected. The muscle which is affected by Volkmann’s ischaemia most commonly is:

**Core Concept**
Volkmann's ischemia is a serious condition that occurs due to inadequate blood supply to the forearm muscles, leading to muscle necrosis and potentially permanent damage. It is often associated with supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children, where a tight bandage or cast can compress the blood vessels and restrict blood flow to the forearm.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The flexor digitorum profundus muscle is most commonly affected by Volkmann's ischemia due to its location in the forearm and its reliance on the anterior interosseous artery for blood supply. This muscle is responsible for flexion of the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers. In the context of a supracondylar fracture, the increased pressure in the forearm can compromise the blood flow to this muscle, leading to ischemia and potentially severe consequences.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Flexor carpi radialis is not typically affected by Volkmann's ischemia, as it is located more proximally in the forearm and has a more robust blood supply.
**Option B:** Extensor digitorum is not commonly affected by Volkmann's ischemia, as it is located in the posterior forearm and has a different blood supply.
**Option C:** Pronator teres is not typically affected by Volkmann's ischemia, as it is located more proximally in the forearm and has a more robust blood supply.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In cases of suspected Volkmann's ischemia, it is essential to immediately remove any constricting bandages or casts and elevate the affected limb to improve blood flow. Early recognition and treatment are critical to preventing long-term damage and improving outcomes.

**Correct Answer:** C.

✓ Correct Answer: C. Flexor digitorum profundus