**Core Concept**
The superior vesical arteries are a pair of small arteries that supply blood to the bladder. They arise from the internal iliac artery and play a crucial role in maintaining bladder function.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The superior vesical arteries are direct branches of the internal iliac artery, which is a major artery that supplies blood to the pelvic region. The internal iliac artery divides into anterior and posterior divisions, and the superior vesical arteries arise from the anterior division. This branching pattern is essential for the proper blood supply to the bladder and surrounding structures.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because the superior vesical arteries do not arise from the common iliac artery. The common iliac artery is a larger artery that divides into the internal and external iliac arteries, but it does not give rise to the superior vesical arteries directly.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because the superior vesical arteries do not arise from the obturator artery. The obturator artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery, but it primarily supplies the obturator region and does not give rise to the superior vesical arteries.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because the superior vesical arteries do not arise from the middle rectal artery. The middle rectal artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery, but it primarily supplies the rectum and does not give rise to the superior vesical arteries.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The superior vesical arteries are an important landmark in pelvic surgery, and their identification is crucial for avoiding damage to these vital structures during surgical procedures.

**Correct Answer: C. Internal iliac artery**