Sunflower cataract seen in –
**Core Concept**
Sunflower cataract is a type of posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) characterized by a distinctive petaloid or sunflower-like appearance on ophthalmoscopy. It is often associated with corticosteroid use, particularly in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The pathogenesis of sunflower cataract is linked to the formation of amyloid deposits in the lens cortex, which is exacerbated by prolonged corticosteroid exposure. Corticosteroids can induce changes in the lens epithelium, leading to the accumulation of amyloid and subsequent cataract formation. The sunflower cataract is typically asymmetric and may be accompanied by other ocular manifestations.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect as sunflower cataract is not typically associated with diabetes mellitus. While diabetes can cause cataract formation, the characteristic sunflower appearance is more commonly linked to corticosteroid use.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect as sunflower cataract is not a type of age-related cataract. While age-related cataracts are common, the sunflower cataract has a distinct etiology and appearance.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect as sunflower cataract is not typically associated with myotonic dystrophy. Myotonic dystrophy can cause cataract formation, but the sunflower cataract has a more specific pathogenesis.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Sunflower cataract is a classic example of a corticosteroid-induced complication, highlighting the importance of careful consideration of the risks and benefits of corticosteroid therapy in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions.
**Correct Answer:** D.