A person who is HBsAg negative, Anti-HBs positive and Anti HBc positive, is most probably suffering from?
**Core Concept**
The person is HBsAg negative, indicating they do not have an active HBV infection. However, they are Anti-HBs positive, suggesting they have developed immunity to HBV, possibly through vaccination or past infection. Their Anti-HBc positivity indicates exposure to HBV at some point in their lives.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The presence of Anti-HBs and Anti-HBc, along with HBsAg negativity, points towards a past HBV infection. This pattern is characteristic of an individual who has cleared the virus after an acute infection. The Anti-HBs antibodies are likely a result of the body's immune response to the virus, providing long-term immunity against HBV. The Anti-HBc antibodies indicate that the person has been exposed to the virus.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because HBsAg negativity, Anti-HBs positivity, and Anti-HBc positivity do not suggest a chronic HBV infection, which would typically be associated with HBsAg positivity.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because vaccination typically results in Anti-HBs positivity but not Anti-HBc positivity. The presence of Anti-HBc indicates exposure to the virus, not just vaccination.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because HBsAg negativity, Anti-HBs positivity, and Anti-HBc positivity do not suggest an acute HBV infection, which would be associated with HBsAg positivity and possibly Anti-HBc IgM positivity.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In cases of HBV exposure, the presence of Anti-HBc IgM is indicative of an acute infection, while Anti-HBc IgG suggests a past infection or chronic infection.
**Correct Answer: D. Past HBV infection.**