Subperiosteal bone resorption is seen in –
**Core Concept**
Subperiosteal bone resorption is a pathological process characterized by the resorption of bone beneath the periosteum, a fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bones. This process is often associated with increased osteoclastic activity, leading to the destruction of bone tissue and the formation of bone lesions.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is associated with hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone, leading to an increase in serum calcium levels. Subperiosteal bone resorption is a classic radiographic feature of hyperparathyroidism, particularly in the context of primary hyperparathyroidism. The resorption of bone beneath the periosteum is thought to be mediated by the increased expression of RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand) and the subsequent activation of osteoclasts.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Osteomalacia is a condition characterized by the softening of bones due to impaired mineralization, but it is not typically associated with subperiosteal bone resorption.
**Option B:** Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by the thinning and weakening of bones, but it does not typically present with subperiosteal bone resorption.
**Option C:** Bone metastases from various cancers can cause lytic lesions, but subperiosteal bone resorption is not a characteristic feature of these lesions.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Subperiosteal bone resorption is a classic radiographic feature of hyperparathyroidism, particularly in the context of primary hyperparathyroidism. This finding can be used as a diagnostic clue to suspect hyperparathyroidism in patients with elevated serum calcium levels.
**Correct Answer: D. Hyperparathyroidism.**