Which of the following is true about tooth associated subgingival plaque?
**Core Concept**
Tooth-associated subgingival plaque is a biofilm that forms on the tooth surface below the gum line, composed of bacteria, their byproducts, and host cells. This plaque is a key factor in the development of periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The subgingival plaque is primarily composed of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. These bacteria produce enzymes like collagenase and elastase, which break down the extracellular matrix of the periodontal tissue, leading to inflammation and tissue destruction. The subgingival plaque is also rich in host cells, including neutrophils and macrophages, which are attracted to the area by the bacterial byproducts.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify the location of the plaque (subgingival) or its composition (biofilm of bacteria and host cells).
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the primary composition of subgingival plaque (Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria).
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it does not mention the key role of host cells in the formation and maintenance of subgingival plaque.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The subgingival plaque is a dynamic entity that can be influenced by various factors, including oral hygiene, diet, and systemic health. Regular professional cleaning and good oral hygiene practices can help prevent the accumulation of subgingival plaque and reduce the risk of periodontal diseases.
**Correct Answer: C.**