Structures injured while resecting the free edge of lesser ornentum:
**Core Concept**
The free edge of the lesser omentum is a critical anatomical landmark in abdominal surgery, and precise resection requires knowledge of surrounding structures. The lesser omentum is a fold of peritoneum that connects the liver to the stomach and the first part of the duodenum. Resection of the free edge of the lesser omentum can be a challenging procedure due to the proximity of vital structures.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
During resection of the free edge of the lesser omentum, the gastroduodenal artery and vein are at risk of injury. These vessels are located on the posterior aspect of the free edge and can be easily damaged during surgical dissection. The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the common hepatic artery and supplies blood to the stomach and duodenum. The gastroduodenal vein drains blood from the stomach and duodenum into the portal vein. Injury to these vessels can lead to significant bleeding and complications.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** The **common hepatic artery** is a branch of the celiac trunk that supplies blood to the liver, but it is not typically injured during resection of the free edge of the lesser omentum.
**Option B:** The **bile duct** is located more posteriorly and is not directly at risk during resection of the free edge of the lesser omentum.
**Option C:** The **portal vein** is located more medially and is not typically injured during resection of the free edge of the lesser omentum.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When resecting the free edge of the lesser omentum, it is essential to identify and preserve the gastroduodenal artery and vein to avoid significant bleeding and complications.
**Correct Answer:** A. Gastroduodenal artery and vein.