**Core Concept**
The management of bacterial meningitis in children involves the use of antibiotics to target the causative pathogen. In the case of Streptococcus pneumoniae, the choice of antibiotic is critical to prevent complications and reduce mortality. The duration of antibiotic treatment is also crucial to ensure that the infection is fully eradicated.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The recommended treatment for meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children typically involves the use of a third-generation cephalosporin, such as cefotaxime or ceftriaxone, in combination with vancomycin. This combination is effective against S. pneumoniae, including penicillin-resistant strains. The treatment duration is usually 7-10 days, which allows sufficient time for the antibiotics to penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid and eliminate the bacteria.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because the treatment duration for meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is typically longer than 5 days.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because the recommended antibiotic regimen for S. pneumoniae meningitis in children does not involve the use of penicillin alone.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because the treatment duration for meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is typically longer than 5 days.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to note that the treatment duration for bacterial meningitis may vary depending on the causative pathogen, the severity of the infection, and the patient's response to treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to consult up-to-date guidelines and expert recommendations for the management of meningitis in children.

**Correct Answer: D. 7-10 days**