**Core Concept:** Streptococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, catalase-negative, and facultatively anaerobic cocci found in pairs or chains. There are many species within the Streptococcus genus, some of which are pathogenic and can cause diseases in humans.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** The correct answer, ". . .except D.", indicates that the option D is the correct Streptococcus species among those mentioned that is not true. Streptococcus pneumoniae (also known as pneumococcus) is an important human pathogen that causes various infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteraemia.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. **Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus)**: This is a common cause of pharyngitis (strep throat) and impetigo, but it does not cause the infections listed in option D.

B. **Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus)**: While this particular species can cause meningitis, sepsis, and pneumonia in neonates, it does not cause the infections listed in option D.

C. **Streptococcus dysgalactiae**: This species is involved in causing various infections, but it doesn't cause the listed infections in option D either.

D. **Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)**: As mentioned earlier, Streptococcus pneumoniae is indeed a human pathogen that causes a variety of infections, including those listed in option D. However, the statement "all Streptococcus species cause the listed infections" is incorrect.

**Clinical Pearl:** Streptococcus pneumoniae is a crucial pathogen to recognize and treat as it can lead to severe infections in various organs and tissues, such as the lungs, meninges, and bloodstream. It is essential for medical professionals to have a good understanding of Streptococcus species and their pathogenic potential to make accurate diagnoses and provide appropriate treatments for patients.

**Correct Answer:** D. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the correct option, as it is a pathogenic Streptococcus species that can cause the infections listed in option D. The other options represent non-pathogenic or less commonly associated Streptococcus species with the mentioned infections.