## **Core Concept**
Neonatal meningitis is a severe infection that occurs in newborns, typically within the first month of life. It can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria. Streptococci are one group of bacteria that can cause neonatal meningitis.

## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, Group B streptococci (GBS), is a well-known cause of neonatal infections, including sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis. GBS is a type of streptococcus that is commonly found in the gastrointestinal and genital tracts of healthy adults. In newborns, GBS can cause severe disease because they lack the protective antibodies against this pathogen. The mechanism involves the bacteria colonizing the mother, potentially leading to transmission to the newborn during birth, and then causing invasive disease.

## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** While other groups of streptococci can cause infections, they are less commonly associated with neonatal meningitis compared to Group B streptococci.
- **Option B:** This option might refer to other pathogens or types of streptococci not commonly implicated in neonatal meningitis.
- **Option C:** Similarly, this could refer to other bacteria or types of streptococci not typically associated with this condition in neonates.

## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that Group B streptococci are a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Pregnant women are screened for GBS colonization between 36 and 37 weeks of gestation, and those who are positive are offered intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce the risk of transmission to the newborn.

## **Correct Answer:** . Group B streptococci.