Refractive error concerned most commonly with divergent strasbismus is: September 2012, March 2013
**Core Concept**
Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing correctly on the retina, leading to blurred vision. Divergent strabismus, also known as esotropia, is a type of strabismus where the eye turns inward. In this condition, the eye is more susceptible to myopia due to the elongation of the globe, which increases the refractive power of the eye.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a common refractive error associated with divergent strabismus. When the eye turns inward, the retina is stretched, causing the eye to elongate. This elongation increases the refractive power of the eye, making it more difficult for light to focus on the retina, resulting in myopia. The increased axial length of the eye is a hallmark of myopia, which is why it is commonly seen in individuals with divergent strabismus.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option B:** Astigmatism is a type of refractive error that occurs when the cornea or lens of the eye is irregularly shaped, causing light to focus at two different points rather than one. While astigmatism can occur with divergent strabismus, it is not the most common refractive error associated with this condition.
**Option C:** Hypermetropia, or farsightedness, is a refractive error that occurs when the eye is too short or the cornea is too flat, making it difficult for light to focus on the retina. Hypermetropia is less common in individuals with divergent strabismus.
**Option D:** This is a duplicate of Option B and can be disregarded.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In individuals with divergent strabismus, myopia can progress rapidly due to the continuous elongation of the globe. Regular eye exams are essential to monitor refractive errors and prevent further complications.
✓ Correct Answer: A. Myopia