**Core Concept**
Simple Random Sampling (SRS) is a probability sampling method where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as part of the sample. This method aims to minimize bias and ensure that the sample is representative of the population.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In SRS, each individual in the population is assigned a unique number or identifier, and then a random number generator or a random draw is used to select the sample. This process ensures that every individual has an equal probability of being selected, and the sample is free from any systematic bias. The key principle behind SRS is that the sample should be a fair representation of the population, and every individual should have an equal chance of being selected.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it implies that SRS involves selecting individuals based on their characteristics, which is not true.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it suggests that SRS involves selecting a fixed number of individuals from the population, which is not necessarily true.
* **Option D:** This option is incorrect because it implies that SRS involves selecting individuals based on their proximity to a central location, which is not a characteristic of SRS.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
One important consideration when using SRS is that it requires a complete and accurate list of the population, which can be challenging to obtain in some cases. Additionally, SRS may not be feasible in populations that are difficult to access or have complex hierarchies.

**Correct Answer: C. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as part of the sample.**