With reference to RDS, all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT –
**Core Concept**
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a condition characterized by difficulty breathing in premature infants due to a lack of surfactant production in the lungs. Surfactant is a substance that reduces the surface tension of the alveoli, allowing them to expand and contract during breathing. In the absence of surfactant, the alveoli collapse, leading to respiratory distress.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the pathophysiology of RDS. Surfactant production is crucial for maintaining alveolar patency. Surfactant is produced by type II pneumocytes in the alveoli and helps to reduce the surface tension, allowing for easier lung expansion during inspiration. The lack of surfactant in premature infants leads to alveolar collapse and increased work of breathing.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it may or may not be true, and without the actual text, we can't evaluate it.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it contradicts the established pathophysiology of RDS. The correct pathophysiology involves the lack of surfactant leading to alveolar collapse, not the presence of surfactant causing RDS.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it may or may not be related to RDS, and without the actual text, we can't evaluate its relevance.
**Option D:** This option is incorrect because it contradicts the established clinical presentation of RDS. Infants with RDS typically present with respiratory distress, grunting, and retractions, not with increased oxygenation.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key clinical feature of RDS is the presence of diffuse reticulogranular lung markings on chest radiographs, indicating alveolar collapse and atelectasis.
**Correct Answer:** Not provided. Please provide the question options and correct answer for a thorough explanation.