**Core Concept**
Hyperophy refers to an increase in the size of cells (cellular hypertrophy) due to enlargement of intracellular components, not an increase in cell number. It is distinct from hyperplasia, which involves an increase in cell number. This concept is critical in understanding pathological responses to stress, such as in cardiac or renal tissues.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Hyperophy involves the synthesis and assembly of additional intracellular components (e.g., proteins, organelles), leading to increased cell size without cell division. This is commonly seen in conditions like hypertrophy of the heart muscle in response to pressure overload. The process does not involve proliferation or an increase in the number of cells. Thus, statement D is false and represents the exception.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
Option A: Correct — hyperophy is defined by increased synthesis and assembly of intracellular components.
Option B: Correct — cell size increases, which is the hallmark of hyperophy.
Option C: Correct — cells capable of division (e.g., cardiac myocytes) can undergo hyperophy in response to stress, even without division.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Remember: Hyperophy = bigger cells, no more cells; Hyperplasia = more cells, same size. A classic exam trap is confusing the two — always check whether cell number increases or just cell size.

✓ Correct Answer: D. There is an increase in the number of cells.