All of the following statements regarding total anomalous pulmonary connection are true except –
**Core Concept**
Total anomalous pulmonary connection (TAPC) is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by abnormal connections between the pulmonary artery and the right atrium, leading to oxygenated blood from the lungs returning to the right atrium instead of the left atrium. This results in a mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, causing cyanosis and other symptoms.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer will be the option that does not accurately describe a characteristic of TAPC. TAPC can be classified into different types based on the location of the anomalous connection, including supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, and mixed types. Each type has distinct clinical and radiological features. In TAPC, the pulmonary veins are typically connected to the right atrium via an anomalous pulmonary venous connection, which is a hallmark of this condition.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify the characteristic of TAPC. To be a distractor, it needs to be a plausible but incorrect statement.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe a type of TAPC. While there are different types of TAPC, this option does not match any of the established classifications.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is a true statement about TAPC. The mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood is a characteristic of TAPC, leading to cyanosis and other symptoms.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In TAPC, the direction of blood flow in the anomalous connection can be determined by the presence of a left-to-right shunt, which is often indicated by a widened mediastinum on chest radiographs. This is an important clinical clue for diagnosing TAPC.
**Correct Answer: C. The mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood is a characteristic of TAPC, leading to cyanosis and other symptoms.**