All the following statement about clozapine are true except –
**Core Concept**
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia, particularly in patients who have not responded to other treatments. It has a distinct pharmacological profile, which includes a lower risk of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) compared to typical antipsychotics.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Extrapyramidal side effects, such as dystonia, akathisia, and parkinsonism, are a common adverse effect of typical antipsychotics, which act predominantly as dopamine D2 receptor antagonists. In contrast, clozapine has a higher affinity for serotonin 5-HT2 receptors and a lower affinity for dopamine D2 receptors, resulting in a reduced risk of EPS. This unique receptor binding profile is responsible for clozapine's favorable side effect profile.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This statement is true as clozapine is indeed used in the treatment of schizophrenia, particularly in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
**Option B:** This statement is also true as clozapine can precipitate seizures, particularly in patients with a history of seizure disorders.
**Option C:** This statement is true as clozapine is associated with a risk of agranulocytosis, a potentially life-threatening decrease in white blood cell count, which requires regular monitoring of complete blood counts.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Clozapine's unique pharmacological profile makes it an attractive option for patients with schizophrenia who have not responded to other treatments. However, its use is limited by the risk of agranulocytosis, which necessitates regular monitoring of blood counts and a careful patient selection process.
**Correct Answer:**
β Correct Answer: D. Extrapyramidal side effects are seen.