**Core Concept**
The SRY gene, also known as sex-determining region Y, plays a crucial role in sex determination during embryonic development. It is a crucial factor in the development of testes in the fetus, leading to the production of male sex hormones. The SRY gene contains a specific DNA sequence that initiates the testis-determining pathway.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The SRY gene is located on the short arm of the Y chromosome, specifically at position Yp11.3. This location is critical for its function in sex determination. When the SRY gene is expressed, it triggers a cascade of events that lead to the formation of testes in the developing embryo. This process involves the activation of specific transcription factors and the subsequent expression of other genes involved in testis development. The SRY gene's location on the Y chromosome ensures that it is only expressed in males, allowing for the development of male sex characteristics.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because the SRY gene is not located on the X chromosome, which is involved in sex determination in females.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because the SRY gene is not located on the autosomes, which are the non-sex chromosomes.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because the SRY gene is not located on the mitochondrial DNA, which is separate from the nuclear DNA.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that the SRY gene's location on the Y chromosome is critical for its function in sex determination, and mutations in this gene can lead to sex reversal or other sex disorders.

**Correct Answer:** D. Y chromosome.