Sputum can be disinfected by
**Core Concept**
The question requires knowledge of a disinfection method for sputum, which is a biohazardous substance. Effective disinfection is crucial to prevent the spread of airborne pathogens, such as tuberculosis, in healthcare settings.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer involves the use of a disinfectant that is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The correct agent is 2% sodium hypochlorite solution, which is a well-established disinfectant for sputum. It works by releasing hypochlorous acid, a potent oxidizing agent that inactivates enzymes and disrupts cellular membranes, ultimately leading to the death of microorganisms.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it is not a known disinfectant for sputum.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is not effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including M. tuberculosis.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is not a commonly used disinfectant for sputum in clinical settings.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When handling sputum, it is essential to use personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and a face mask, to prevent exposure to airborne pathogens. Additionally, sputum should be disposed of in a biohazardous waste container.
**Correct Answer:** D. 2% sodium hypochlorite solution.