Infection by which virus gives rise to the following skin lesions?
**Core Concept**
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection leads to the development of characteristic skin lesions, particularly in individuals who are immunocompromised or have a history of varicella (chickenpox) infection. The lesions result from the reactivation of latent VZV in the dorsal root ganglia.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Varicella zoster virus infection causes the reactivation of latent virus in the dorsal root ganglia, leading to the development of herpes zoster, also known as shingles. The characteristic skin lesions of herpes zoster are typically unilateral and follow a dermatomal distribution, corresponding to the affected nerve roots. The lesions progress through various stages, including the appearance of papules, vesicles, and eventually crusting.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Herpesvirus infection, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), primarily causes oral or genital lesions, rather than the characteristic dermatomal lesions seen in herpes zoster.
**Option B:** Measles virus infection leads to the development of a rash that is typically more widespread and accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever and cough.
**Option D:** Parvovirus infection, such as parvovirus B19, primarily causes erythema infectiosum, also known as fifth disease, which is characterized by a distinctive "slapped cheek" appearance and a lacy rash on the limbs.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Varicella zoster virus infection can lead to postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a persistent pain condition that occurs in some individuals following the resolution of the skin lesions. PHN can be a significant source of morbidity and may require pain management strategies.
**✓ Correct Answer: C. Varicella zoster virus**