A group tested for a drug shows 60% improvement as against a standard group showing 40% improvement. The best test to test the significance of result is –
**Core Concept**
The question is testing the understanding of statistical methods used to compare the outcomes of two groups, specifically the significance of the observed difference. In this case, the researcher is trying to determine if the observed 20% improvement (60% - 40%) in the test group is statistically significant.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
To test the significance of the result, the researcher should use a two-sample z-test or a two-sample t-test, depending on the sample size and whether the data is normally distributed. The two-sample z-test is used when the sample sizes are large and the data is normally distributed. The two-sample t-test is used when the sample sizes are small or the data is not normally distributed. In this case, since the question doesn't provide information about the sample size or distribution, the two-sample z-test is the most appropriate choice.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** The chi-square test is used to compare categorical data, not continuous data, so it's not the best choice for this scenario.
**Option B:** The ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test is used to compare the means of three or more groups, not two groups, so it's not the best choice for this scenario.
**Option C:** The regression analysis is used to model the relationship between two variables, not to compare the outcomes of two groups, so it's not the best choice for this scenario.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When comparing the outcomes of two groups, it's essential to choose the correct statistical test based on the sample size, distribution of the data, and the type of data being analyzed.
**Correct Answer: D. Two-sample z-test**