Side effects of clozapine include all except
**Core Concept**
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia, particularly in patients who have not responded to other treatments. Its unique pharmacological profile is associated with a lower risk of extrapyramidal side effects compared to typical antipsychotics, but it also carries a higher risk of other adverse effects.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Clozapine is known for its association with agranulocytosis, a potentially life-threatening reduction in white blood cell count. This condition necessitates regular monitoring of complete blood counts (CBCs) and dose adjustments as needed. Additionally, clozapine can cause myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle, which may manifest as chest pain, shortness of breath, or other cardiac symptoms. Furthermore, clozapine is linked to a higher risk of seizures, particularly in patients with a history of seizure disorders or those taking other medications that lower the seizure threshold.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** While sedation is a common side effect of many antipsychotics, it is not a unique or particularly notable side effect of clozapine.
**Option B:** Weight gain is a potential side effect of many antipsychotics, but it is not as specifically associated with clozapine as agranulocytosis or myocarditis.
**Option C:** Clozapine is not particularly known for causing orthostatic hypotension, which is more commonly associated with other antipsychotics, such as quetiapine.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Regular monitoring of CBCs and cardiac function is crucial when prescribing clozapine to minimize the risk of agranulocytosis and myocarditis.
**Correct Answer:** D.