Shortest acting non benzodiazepine sedative is
**Core Concept**
The question is testing the pharmacological properties of non-benzodiazepine sedatives, specifically their duration of action. Non-benzodiazepine sedatives are a class of medications that act on the GABA receptor to produce sedative effects, but they vary in their duration of action.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is a non-benzodiazepine sedative that has a short duration of action. This is due to its rapid metabolism and elimination from the body. Specifically, it is metabolized by the enzyme CYP3A4, which is a major cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the metabolism of many drugs. The rapid metabolism of this medication results in a short duration of action, making it suitable for use in situations where sedation is only required for a short period.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it has a longer duration of action compared to the correct answer. It is metabolized more slowly, resulting in a longer half-life and a more prolonged sedative effect.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it has a variable duration of action depending on the individual patient and the dose used. It is metabolized by multiple enzymes, including CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, which can result in a wide range of pharmacokinetic profiles.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it has a longer onset of action compared to the correct answer. It takes longer to produce its sedative effects, making it less suitable for use in situations where rapid sedation is required.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When choosing a non-benzodiazepine sedative, it's essential to consider the duration of action and the potential for accumulation in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Some non-benzodiazepine sedatives can accumulate to toxic levels in patients with impaired elimination, leading to prolonged sedation and other adverse effects.
**Correct Answer:** Z. Zaleplon