A 32 weeks premature infants, 900gm weight on the third days. The serum bilirubin is 13 mg%. The treatment of choice is –
**Core Concept**
Phototherapy is a crucial treatment for neonatal jaundice, especially in premature infants, to prevent kernicterus. The goal is to reduce bilirubin levels and prevent its toxicity.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In this scenario, the infant is premature (32 weeks) and has a low birth weight (900gm), making them more susceptible to bilirubin toxicity. Phototherapy works by converting bilirubin into a water-soluble form (urobilinogen) that can be excreted in the urine, thereby reducing the risk of kernicterus. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends phototherapy for infants with serum bilirubin levels above 15mg/dL, but in this case, the level is 13mg/dL, which still warrants treatment due to the infant's high risk.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify a treatment for neonatal jaundice.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it does not address the high risk of bilirubin toxicity in premature infants.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it does not provide a specific treatment for the infant's condition.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Premature infants are at a higher risk of bilirubin toxicity due to their immature liver function and higher bilirubin production. Phototherapy is a crucial treatment in this population to prevent kernicterus.
**Correct Answer: B. Phototherapy**