Second degree of under nutrition means-
**Core Concept**
Second-degree undernutrition refers to a state of malnutrition where the body's calorie and protein stores are depleted, leading to impaired growth and development, particularly in children. This condition is characterized by a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) and muscle mass, compromising the body's ability to fight infections and maintain basic bodily functions.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the classification of undernutrition, which is a critical aspect of assessing and managing malnutrition in patients. The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes undernutrition into three stages: mild (first-degree), moderate (second-degree), and severe (third-degree). Second-degree undernutrition is characterized by a BMI of 11-12.9 in children and 16-17.9 in adults, indicating a significant compromise in the body's nutritional reserves. This stage is associated with impaired physical and cognitive development, increased susceptibility to infections, and a higher risk of mortality.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify the correct range of BMI values for second-degree undernutrition.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is not a recognized classification of undernutrition.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is not a valid definition of second-degree undernutrition.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When assessing undernutrition, it is essential to use the WHO classification system to accurately diagnose and manage the condition. This classification system helps healthcare providers to identify the severity of undernutrition and develop targeted interventions to address the nutritional needs of patients.
**Correct Answer: C.**