**Core Concept**
The detection of breast cancer relies on various screening modalities that aim to identify early signs of the disease. Mammography is a widely used imaging technique for breast cancer screening, while other options like ultrasound and clinical examination also play a role. However, the question is focused on a specific modality that is both sensitive and specific for breast cancer detection.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The most sensitive and specific screening test for detecting breast cancer is mammography, particularly digital mammography. This imaging technique uses low-energy X-rays to produce detailed images of the breast tissue. The advantage of digital mammography lies in its ability to enhance the visibility of subtle abnormalities, such as microcalcifications and small tumors, which are often indicative of breast cancer. The digital format also enables image processing and enhancement, which can improve diagnostic accuracy.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Clinical examination is a crucial component of breast cancer screening, but it is not as sensitive or specific as mammography. While a skilled examiner can detect palpable abnormalities, many breast cancers are not palpable in the early stages.
* **Option B:** Ultrasound is a valuable tool in breast imaging, particularly for evaluating palpable masses and differentiating cystic from solid lesions. However, its sensitivity and specificity for breast cancer detection are lower than those of mammography.
* **Option C:** Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is highly sensitive for breast cancer detection, especially in high-risk patients. However, it is more expensive and less widely available than mammography, making it a secondary screening option.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that mammography should be performed annually in women aged 40-49 years and biennially in women aged 50-74 years, as recommended by the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the Society of Breast Imaging (SBI).

**Correct Answer:** C.